Feat: Add `/login/channels` route and improve auth logic for frontend third-party login integration (#7521)
### What problem does this PR solve?
Add `/login/channels` route and improve auth logic to support frontend
integration with third-party login providers:
- Add `/login/channels` route to provide authentication channel list
with `display_name` and `icon`
- Optimize user info parsing logic by prioritizing `avatar_url` and
falling back to `picture`
- Simplify OIDC token validation by removing unnecessary `kid` checks
- Ensure `client_id` is safely cast to string during `audience`
validation
- Fix typo
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- Related pull request: #7379
### Type of change
- [x] New Feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
- [x] Documentation Update